As the 16th UN Conference of Parties (COP16) in Cali, Colombia begins, the world is watching. These summits are more than diplomatic gatherings — they are a call to action for countries to address the planet’s most urgent environmental crises. While most people may be familiar with UN Climate Change Conferences, few realize there’s a COP dedicated entirely to biodiversity. This year’s Biodiversity COP should be a turning point for Canada — but only if the country seizes the opportunity.  

Climate COP vs. Biodiversity COP 

Climate COPs, like COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, focus on curbing emissions and stabilizing the Earth’s climate. The landmark Paris Agreement, set during COP21, aims to keep global warming below 1.5 C. In contrast, Biodiversity COPs address the interconnected web of life — species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity. COP15 in 2022 saw 195 countries sign the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), including the commitment to protect 30 per cent of the world’s land and oceans by 2030.  

Both COPs are intertwined: protecting ecosystems helps stabilize the climate and controlling climate change safeguards biodiversity. Yet despite its international commitments, Canada’s actions at home are falling short.  

Canada aims for global conservation leadership, but falls short at home 

Known for its vast wilderness and breathtaking landscapes, Canada is struggling to protect nature within its borders. Despite being home to 6.7 per cent of the world’s land, 10 per cent of its forests, and 25 per cent of wetlands, the country is allowing species and ecosystems to slip into crisis. Without domestic accountability, biodiversity will continue to decline, with thousands of species racing toward extinction. 

Ecojustice, Canada’s largest environmental law charity, will be at COP16 pushing for real action. Their mission is clear: Canada must move beyond promises and implement enforceable laws to reverse biodiversity loss. The long-awaited Nature Accountability Act (NAA) could finally make Canada a true leader in conservation.  

Guilbeault’s promise: Two years and counting 

In 2022, during COP15 in Montreal, Environment Minister Steven Guilbeault promised that Canada would become the first country to enact a domestic nature law. Earlier this year, the Nature Accountability Act was tabled but has not yet passed.  

The Bill offers Canada a second chance to keep its promise. If passed with strong amendments, it could hold the government accountable for meeting biodiversity goals. This could allow Canada to live up to its reputation as a global leader in nature conservation, sparking a recovery for ecosystems at home and globally.  

NBSAP vs. Nature legislation: Turning plans into action 

Canada’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) outlines important goals, but it does not automatically translate into enforceable action. While the NBSAP provides a roadmap for how Canada plans to meet the Kunming-Montreal GBF targets, without legislation like the Nature Accountability Act, it remains just that — a plan, not a guarantee. 

Clearer communication is also needed to show how the NBSAP aligns with the proposed Act. Only by connecting strategy to domestic laws can Canada make real progress in halting biodiversity loss.  

The stakes at COP16 

As COP16 begins in Colombia, the stakes for Canada couldn’t be higher. Ecojustice will push for decisive government action both globally and domestically. A strong Nature Accountability Act, alongside clear plans to protect ecosystems, could change the game for Canada and the planet. 

Now is the time for Canada to step up. With biodiversity in the balance and the world watching, will Canada lead by example — or let another promise fade away? 

How can you act NOW? 

Right now, we have the opportunity to make a real difference for nature and climate. 

The UN Biodiversity Conference is about committing to protecting 30 per cent of lands and oceans by 2030. Now, we need Prime Minister Trudeau to pass a law with clear timelines and accountability for these targets. Will you be a voice for nature? 

Yes, I’ll add my voice

The fight for biodiversity and climate justice needs your support. As Ecojustice continues to advocate for stronger laws at COP16, your donation will help us hold Canada accountable and protect ecosystems for generations to come. Will you help turn promises into action? 

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